Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023): 2513-2528

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-04

 

17 Years of Coastline Changes Observation in the Northern Part of Rupat Island using Landsat 7 ETM + Time Series Imagery (2000-2017); A Case Study of the Country’s Border between Indonesia - Malaysia

(Pemerhatian Perubahan Garis Pantai 17 Tahun di Bahagian Utara Pulau Rupat menggunakan Landsat 7 ETM + Imej Siri Masa (2000-2017); Suatu Kajian Kes Sempadan Negara antara Indonesia - Malaysia)

 

HUSNUL KAUSARIAN1,*, AHMAD RIFAI BATUBARA2, PUJI ASTUTI2, JOSAPHAT TETUKO SRI SUMANTYO3,4 & MUHAMMAD ZAINUDDIN LUBIS5

 

1Geological Engineering Program, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

2Urban and Regional Planning Program, Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

3Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

4Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

5Department of Geomatics Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam, Indonesia

 

Diserahkan: 17 Disember 2022/Diterima: 14 Ogos 2023

 

Abstract

Rupat Island is the outermost part of Indonesia which borders Malaysia. This island is part of Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, located at 02° 4.911'N-101° 27,191'E. This study uses primary data from field observations and secondary data in Landsat 7ETM+ Time Series image data and other supporting data. The descriptive method is carried out in the form of geological interpretation in the field, determination of validation points and then analysis using GIS/visual interpretation to obtain shoreline changes that occurred in the northern part of Rupat Island from the year 2000 to 2017. Additional data used were sea current and pattern and wind direction and speed. Validation points are used to obtain detailed calculations related to this coastline change: Tanjung Api area to Teluk Rhu and Tanjung Lapin get the measurement results experienced the most accretion occurred in 2013 was 167.21 m, and the most abrasion in 2016 was 72.77 m. The biggest change occurred in 2013 when the accretion occurred at 375.5 Ha, and the most abrasion occurred in 2014 at 50.63 Ha. Meanwhile, for shoreline changes, the minimum annual coastline length in 2004 was 19.04 km, and the normal coastline length in 2015 was 28.26 km. The maximum length of the coastline occurred in 2013 was 36.53 km.

 

Keywords: Abrasion; accretion; border of Indonesia - Malaysia; geological mapping; coastline changes; Landsat 7 ETM

 

Abstrak

Pulau Rupat adalah bahagian paling luar Indonesia yang bersempadan dengan Malaysia. Pulau ini merupakan sebahagian daripada Kabupaten Bengkalis, Wilayah Riau, terletak pada 02° 4.911'N-101° 27,191'E. Kajian ini menggunakan data primer daripada pemerhatian lapangan dan data sekunder daripada data imej Landsat 7 ETM + Siri Masa dan data sokongan lain. Kaedah deskriptif dijalankan dalam bentuk interpretasi geologi di lapangan, penentuan titik pengesahan dan seterusnya analisis menggunakan GIS/interpretasi visual untuk mendapatkan perubahan garis pantai yang berlaku di bahagian utara Pulau Rupat dari tahun 2000 hingga 2017. Data tambahan yang digunakan ialah arus dan corak laut serta arah dan kelajuan angin. Titik pengesahan digunakan untuk mendapatkan pengiraan terperinci berkaitan perubahan garis pantai ini: Kawasan Tanjung Api ke Teluk Rhu dan Tanjung Lapin mendapat hasil pengukuran yang mengalami penambahan paling banyak, berlaku pada tahun 2013 ialah 167.21 m, dan lelasan paling banyak pada tahun 2016 iaitu 72.77 m. Perubahan terbesar berlaku pada tahun 2013 apabila pertambahan berlaku pada 375.5 ha dan lelasan paling banyak berlaku pada tahun 2014 iaitu 50.63 ha. Manakala bagi perubahan garis pantai, panjang garis pantai tahunan minimum pada tahun 2004 ialah 19.04 km dan panjang garis pantai biasa pada tahun 2015 ialah 28.26 km. Panjang maksimum garis pantai yang berlaku pada tahun 2013 ialah 36.53 km.

 

Kata kunci: Landsat 7 ETM; lelasan; pemetaan geologi; pertambahan; perubahan garis pantai; Sempadan Indonesia – Malaysia

 

RUJUKAN

Abd Hamid, M., Md Sah, A.S.R., Idris, I., Mohd Nor, S.A., Abdul Ghaffar, M., Casey Ngo, S.P. & Mod Husin, S. 2023. The diversity and distribution of fish at the port and urbanized areas of Pulau Pinang Strait, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 52(4): 1047-1058. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5204-02

Al-Dubai, T.A., Antoni, S., Al-Zubieri, A.G. & Majeed, J. 2017. Composition and characteristic of the surficial sediments in the southern corniche of Jeddah, Red Sea Coast. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2: 1. https://doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2017.2.1.19

Alesheikh, A.A., Ghorbanali, A. & Nouri, N. 2007. Coastline change detection using remote sensing. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 4: 61-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03325962

Amor, G., Hanif, M., Yulfa, A., Hidayat, R.A. & Indrayani, P. 2022. Spatial modeling of tidal flood due to the fishpond to tidal waves in Bengkalis, Indonesia. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Radioscience, Equatorial Atmospheric Science and Environment and Humanosphere Science, 2021, Springer Proceedings in Physics 275, edited by Yulihastin, E., Abadi, P., Sitompul, P. & Harjupa, W. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0308-3_72

Amukti, R., Adji, A.S. & Ruslan, S. 2020. Analysis of shoreline shift using satellite imagery near Makassar City. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 5(3): 133-138. https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2020.5.3.5111

Ashton, A., Murray, A.B. & Arnault, O. 2001. Formation of coastline features by large-scale instabilities induced by high-angle waves. Nature 414: 296-300. https://doi.org/10.1038/35104541

Daryabor, F., Tangang, F. & Juneng, L. 2014. Simulation of southwest monsoon current circulation and temperature in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 43(3): 389-398.

Kausarian, H., Sri Sumantyo, J.T., Kuze, H., Aminuddin, J. & Waqar, M.M. 2017. Analysis of polarimetric decomposition, backscattering coefficient, and sample properties for identification and layer thickness estimation of silica sand distribution using L-band synthetic aperture radar. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 43(2): 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2017.1286935

Kausarian, H., Sumantyo, J.T.S., Kuze, H., Karya, D. & Panggabean, G.F. 2016. Silica sand identification using ALOS PALSAR full polarimetry on the northern coastline of Rupat Island, Indonesia. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology 6(5): 568-573. https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.6.5.92

Limber, P.W. & Murray, A.B. 2011. Beach and sea-cliff dynamics as a driver of long-term rocky coastline evolution and stability. Geology 39(12): 1147-1150. https://doi.org/10.1130/G32315.1

Liu, Y., Huang, H., Qiu, Z. & Fan, J. 2013. Detecting coastline change from satellite images based on beach slope estimation in a tidal flat. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 23: 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.12.005

Lubis, M.Z., Anurogo, W., Hanafi, A., Kausarian, H., Taki, H.M. & Antoni, S. 2018. Distribution of benthic habitat using Landsat-7 Imagery in shallow waters of Sekupang, Batam Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19(3): 1117-1122. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190346

Maulana, L., Syamsunasir, S., Suwarno, P. & Aris, T. 2022. Global warming and its impact on mangrove land degradation on the north coast of Bengkalis Island, Riau Province. Journal of Agriculture 1(02): 31-39. https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i02.1574

Mohd, F.A., Maulud, K.N.A., Begum, R.A., Selamat, S.N. & Karim, O.A. 2018. Impact of shoreline changes to Pahang coastal area by using geospatial technology. Sains Malaysiana 47(5): 991-997. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4705-14

Moslim, N.H., Mokhtar, N.A., Zubairi, Y.Z. & Hussin, A.G. 2021. Understanding the behaviour of wind direction in Malaysia during monsoon seasons using replicated functional relationship in von mises distribution. Sains Malaysiana 50(7): 2035-2045. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5007-18

Mubarak, M. 2018. Coastline changes in North Bengkalis Island, Indonesia: Satellite imagery analysis and observation. Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 5(2): 1127-1132. https://doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2018.052.1127

Nasution, S., Effendi, I., Nedi, S. & Mardalisa, M. 2021. Species diversity of marine bivalves from the Strait of Rupat Island Riau Province, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 934: 012071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012071

Ondara, K. & Purnawan, S. 2021. Numerical models of hydrodynamics and marine debris in the Malacca Strait. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 869: 012053. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012053

Ondara, K., Dhiauddin, R., Wisha, U.J. & Rahmawan, G.A. 2020. Hydrodynamics features and coastal vulnerability of Sayung sub-district, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 5(1): 32-39. https://doi.org/10.25299/jgeet.2020.5.1.3996

Ratri, D.A.R., Mizuno, K. & Martono, D.N. 2021. The effectiveness of breakwaters decreasing the peat shoreline change in Bengkalis Island. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 802(1): 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/802/1/012007

Rifardi, Isty, H.T. & Wati, R.A. 2021. The geomorphological dynamic of the Rupat Strait on the east coast of Central Sumatera Island, Indonesia. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56(1). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.1.8

Sandhyavitri, A., Fatnanta, F. & Husaini, R.R. 2020. Identification and prioritization of coastal vulnerability areas based on coastal vulnerability indexes (CVI) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). AIP Conference Proceedings 2230: 040002. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0005007

Sanjaume, E. & Pardo-Pascual, J.E. 2005. Erosion by human impact on the Valencian coastline (E of Spain). Journal of Coastal Research SPEC. ISSUE 49(Coastal Erosion): 76-82.

Sarah, S., Aris, T., Wiranto, S. & Purwanto, P. 2022. Government’s efforts to minimize the threat of coastline changes on the north coast of Bengkalis Island. Jurnal Pamator: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo 15(1): 113-124. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v15i1.14260

Sauti, N.S., Daud, M.E., Kaamin, M. & Remali, N. 2021. Geospatial technology in potential analysis and mapping of tsunami risk at West Coast Peninsular Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 50(4): 929-943. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-05

Syamsul Rizal, Damm, P., A. Wahid, M., Sundermann, J., Yopi Ilhamsyah, Taufiq Iskandar & Muhammad. 2012. General circulation in the Malacca Strait and Andaman Sea: A numerical model study. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 8(5): 479-488.

Sui, L., Wang, J., Yang, X. & Wang, Z. 2020. Spatial-temporal characteristics of coastline changes in Indonesia from 1990 to 2018. Sustainability (Switzerland) 12(8): 32-42. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083242

Tampubolon, H. 2022. Shoreline change cause of abrasion in Bantan district Bengkalis Island as the outstanding beach area. Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Construction, Infrastructure, and Materials. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 216, edited by Lie, H.A., Sutrisna, M., Prasetijo, J., Hadikumuso, B.H. & Putranto, L.S. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7949-0_4

Tew, Y.L., Tan, M.L., Samat, N., Mahamud, M.A. & Chun, K.P. 2022. Analysis of the relationship between climate change and land use change using the ESA CCI land cover maps in Sungai Kelantan Basin, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 51(2): 437-449. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-09

Yasir, M., Sheng, H., Fan, H., Nazir, S., Niang, A.J., Salauddin, M. & Khan, S. 2020. Automatic coastline extraction and changes analysis using remote sensing and GIS technology. IEEE Access 8: 180156-180170. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3027881

Yun, W.Y., Yeok, F.S., Youshao, W., Lu, D., Limi, M. & Lai, G.T. 2022. Spatiotemporal dispersal study of mangrove Avicennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata propagules. Sains Malaysiana 51(8): 2351-2364. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-02

Zhang, Y. & Hou, X. 2020. Characteristics of coastline changes on Southeast Asia Islands from 2000 to 2015. Remote Sensing 12(3): 519. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12030519

Zhang, Y., Li, D., Fan, C., Xu, H. & Hou, X. 2021. Southeast Asia Island coastline changes and driving forces from 1990 to 2015. Ocean and Coastal Management 215: 105967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105967

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: husnulkausarian@eng.uir.ac.id

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

sebelumnya